Найдите синонимы reason need

What is another word for Reason?

• cause

  intention, event

• intellect

  mind, sense

• 

  understanding

  sense, mind

• sense

  character trait, sane

• motive

  cause, intention

• ground

  cause, purpose

• mind

  sense, mental condition

• justification

  explanation, true

• argument

  explanation, intention

• sanity

  sense, mental condition

• rationale

  intention, cause

• occasion

  intention, motive

• conclude

  deduce, calculate

• reasonableness

  common sense, mental analysis

• rationality

  sense, mental analysis

• excuse

  explanation, motive

• explanation

  language, rationalisation

• argue

  speech, debate

• grounds

  cause, motive

• basis

  cause, true

• account

  motive, subject

• logic

  evidence, rationalism

• intelligence

  understanding, mind

• reasoning

  rationality, rationalization

• infer

  deduce, activity

• ratiocination

  language, explanation

• deduce

  calculate, reach a conclusion

• wit

  mind, intellect

• motivation

  motive, start

• think

  activity, calculate

• rationalization

  explanation, reasoning

• foundation

  basis, true

• purpose

  subject, aim

• incentive

  aim, objective

• case

  justification, explanation for an action

• wisdom

  good sense, mental analysis

• persuade

  speech, argue

• intention

  view, aim

• brains

  intelligence, mental analysis

• gather

  deduce, reach a conclusion

Use filters to view other words, we have 2602 synonyms for reason.

• Определения слова reason

  • причина
  • разум
  • доказывать
  • повод

Синонимы к слову reason

• • aim
  • analyze
  • argue
  • basis
  • brains
  • cause
  • debate
  • deduce
  • dispute
  • end
  • explanation
  • goal
  • good sense
  • grounds
  • incentive
  • infer
  • intelligence
  • intention
  • logic
  • mind
  • motivation
  • motive
  • object
  • persuade
  • purpose
  • rationale
  • rationalize
  • right mind
  • sanity
  • sense
  • senses
  • think logically
  • wisdom
  • wits
  • work out

Похожие слова на reason

• • reason
  • reason’s
  • reasonable
  • reasonableness
  • reasonableness’s
  • reasonably
  • reasoner
  • reasoner’s
  • reasons

Посмотрите другие слова

• • Что такое beforehand
  • Определение термина arrange
  • Толкование слова manage
  • Что означает понятие love
  • Лексическое значение here
  • Словарь значения слов spike
  • Грамматическое значение malware
  • Значение слова coarseness
  • Прямое и переносное значение слова bookmarklet
  • Происхождение слова industry
  • Синоним к слову post
  • Антоним к слову respect
  • Омоним к слову relevant
  • Гипоним к слову retail
  • Холоним к слову top
  • Гипероним к слову head
  • Пословицы и поговорки к слову suffice
  • Перевод слова на другие языки wysiwyg

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4. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Reason, need, best, maximize, purpose, necessity, excellent, link, similar, bind, increase, same.

1. Образуйте от данных слов антонимы при помощи отрицатель­ных префиксов:

In- significance, separable, official, subordinate, sufferable, urban(e), appropriate, supportable, dependence, dependant.

Un-: limited, steady, suitable, known, reasonable, thinking, trained, suspected.

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

Основная схожесть, несмотря на организационные рамки, пра­вительственные структуры (агентства), картирование остается ос­новой, оценка имущества (недвижимости), электронная бизнес- стратегия, уникальный цифровой определить (идентификатор), инициатива модернизации правительства, полевые заметки, в со­ответствии с количеством участков, «объединенное правитель­ство», бывшие колонии, степень безопасности и надежности, он должен обратиться к регистратору.

1. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:

1. Важной характерной чертой разработки является связь меж­ду кадастром и регистрацией земли. 2. Франция — колыбель (ро­доначальник) кадастра. 3. Французский кадастр был определен Наполеоном в начале XIX века. 4. В Соединенном Королевстве нет кадастра. 5. В Англии два агентства, которые несут ответ­ственность за запись прав на землю. 6. Англия имеет полную циф­ровую государственную топографическую базу данных. 7. Уни­кальный топографический определитель используется для всех площадей. 8. Дания имеет всестороннюю кадастровую карту, ох­ватывающую всю страну.

1. Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глагола­ми:

1. You … go to the Agency by bus. 2. This is an easy text on land cadastre. You … translate it without a dictionary. 3. The students … work hard. 4. Information … be organized in integrative form. 5. Work …be based on sound cadastral survey. 6. The computerization … have much place in land use planning.

1. Замените модальные глаголы их эквивалентами:

1. The Government Agencies can «hook» and manage data. 2. Re­searches must look at the possibilities of different services. 3. The results of the trial couldn’t be announced. 4. The providers may use digital topographic identifier. 5. This system must provide proper information. 6. Cadastre must have basis for further modernization. 7. Completely new land records must be compiled.

1. Заполните пропуски предлогами:

1. There are numerous models … cadastre. 2. The cadastre is used … record information … land rights, valuation, land use, etc. 3. There is no single organization responsible … the cadastre … the UK. 4. Na­tional Mapping Agency maintains large scale mapping … England, Scotland, and Wales. 5. The detailed digital mapping is maintained … two Government Agencies.

1. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. The basic principles should consist of two parts. 2. This pro­grammes must provide interesting results. 3. Researches must have basis for further development. 4. The Spanish cadastral system must provide national coverage. 5. The cadastre is developing gradually.

1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внима­ние на многозначность словаone.

1. One of them is a land use planner. 2. Another cadastre emerged parallel to this one. 3. One should know all these rules. 4. In all Western European countries, cadastral maps are used for many purposes besides the original one. 5. One of the greatest achievements of the Napoleon­ic cadastre was that it provided a complete record of all land units.

1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:

1. Is there the UK cadastre? 2. Are there models of its use and im­plementation throughout Europe? 3. How many Government Agencies providing digital mapping are there in the UK? 4. What organization provides a wealth of free mapping on web site? 5. What is «e-business strategy»? 6. Can the Government Agencies «hook» and manage data? 7. May the providers use digital topographic identifier? 8. Must Na­tional Mapping Agency maintain large scale mapping for England, Scotland, and Wales?

1. Перескажите текст 8A.
2. Прочитайте, переведите текст 8В и сформулируйте основ­ную мысль каждого абзаца:

Text 8В

Cadastre in Western Europe

For historical reasons, there are basic similarities among all the ca­dastres of Western Europe. They are all, in one way or another, based on the principles of the French cadastre as defined by Napoleon early in the nineteenth century. A basic principle was that it should consist of the two main parts: a verbal description and a map showing the loca­tions and boundaries of all land units. The maps were established sys­tematically, area by area, by relatively uniform cadastral surveys, which produced not only the maps but also the field notes on which they were based. The unique cadastral number of each land unit — normally the parcel rather than the farm unit — served as a link between map and description. Since the main purpose was taxation, the original cadastre was arranged according to the names of the owners, showing each own­er’s parcels with area, land use, in accordance with the numbers of the parcels.

An important feature of these developments is the connection be­tween the cadastre and the land register. In Germany, Austria, Switzer­land and the Netherlands, there is nowadays a very close link between cadastres and land registers. In the Netherlands, both are maintained by the same organization in common offices. In other countries mentioned above, the legal units used in the land registers are also identical with the cadastral units or combinations of them. Because of the unique definitions in the cadastral records and maps, it has been possible to introduce systems of title registration with a high degree of security and reliability in all these countries.

In France — the mother country of the cadastre — the unification of the cadastre and the land register has not progressed as far. For one thing, the French cadastre is not as comprehensive nor is it maintained in quite the same way as in the aforementioned countries. It also has less legal validity, and is still mainly a fiscal cadastre lacking the very close link between cadastre and legal land registers.

A common trait in all of Western Europe is that the cadastre pro­vides systematic coverage of the entire territory, and that collected and recorded data are continually updated. Parcels are described according to their uses, square measures and taxation values, their buildings and topography; ownership is recorded; links to other administrative regis­ters and files are established. A general trend is that the original fiscal aspect of the cadastre is becoming less and less pronounced, while its role as the basis of a general land information system is assuming in­creasing importance.

In all Western European countries, cadastral maps are used for many purposes. In Switzerland, for example, the towns often produce ex­tremely accurate municipal maps based on cadastral information. The integration of cadastral surveys with other kinds of large scale mapping for urban purposes is a common trend in other countries within the region as well. With regard to the cadastral survey, there has generally been a trend towards using increasingly accurate methods, and at the same time, assigning more and more weight to the demarcation of boundaries and to agreements between the owners.

The land information systems must always be aimed at new changes which will help to adopt to new developments. Therefore it will be pos­sible to improve the registration systems.

The administration of the cadastre is organized in a variety of ways in different countries. In Germany and the Netherlands, the cadastral authorities were initially government officers connected to the Ministry of Finance. But as a consequence of the expanded function of the ca­dastre as the basis of a multipurpose land information system, the Dutch cadastre, for example, was reorganized as a separate division within the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. In other countries like France, Switzerland and Belgium, the principle work of cadastral surveying is left to licensed surveyors.

16. Прочитайте текст 8С и раскройте содержание рассматрива­емых в нем проблем:

Text 8С

Cadastre in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe

Between Scandinavian countries, Denmark has the system most similar to the Western European ones. Denmark has long had a com­prehensive cadastral map, covering the whole country and connected to a common reference system. Cadastral surveys are made by private surveyors. However, the records are kept, and the cadastral maps are maintained by a central government office in Copenhagen. The cadas­tre is closely integrated with the land registration system, which is of the title registration type.

The same close integration is also found in Sweden and Finland, which both have systems of title registration based on cadastral units. In these countries the cadastre has developed gradually from simple taxa­tion records loosely linked to maps, to a comprehensive system with a high degree of reliability. In Sweden, the urban cadastres were linked with large scale maps at an early date. Later, a photo map in the scale of 1 : 10000, showing all land units in rural areas with their boundaries, was established as a registration index map.

In Sweden the cadastre has been further integrated with the land register through automation. One single agency, the Central Board for Real Estate Data, collects and transforms selected cadastral and land register information for automatic data processing. The regional cadas­tral and land registration offices are still responsible for data collection. They have on-line links with the Central Board, and are empowered to change the records in case of subdivision, transfer of ownership, etc. This Board is responsible for issuing all certificates, as well as for all communications with other authorities using real-estate data. Duplica­tion of effort is thereby avoided. The time needed to produce the legal documents and distribute them to those concerned has also been short­ened substantially. The system is now operational in the greatest part of the country, and will be complete in about 5 years.

Norway has not previously had a proper cadastral system, relying instead on old tax records, only partially supported by maps. The coun­try has, however, decided to establish an automated system providing data on land units, addresses and buildings. Its main purpose is to pro­vide information, not to serve as a legal basis for taxation, land registra­tion, etc.

Spain and Italy were also influenced by the Napoleonic cadastre, ^and adopted basically similar systems. However, they were only par­tially developed, and the Spanish system especially does not provide comprehensive, national coverage. The link between cadastre and land registration is weak. The two records are administered by different au­thorities, and the descriptions of the land in the land register do not always refer to the cadastral units. The link between cadastre and reg­ister is, therefore, not primarily the parcel designation, but rather the name of the owner. This is, of course, an obstacle to further integra­tion.

The fiscal nature of the cadastres is more predominant in Southern than in Western Europe. As buildings are important objects for taxa­tion, Italy has established a modern building register as a part of the cadastre.

Greece does not have a comprehensive, homogeneous, national ca­dastre, but the problem has been studied, and a governmental decision to establish a nationwide system appears forthcoming.

17. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст 8D:

Text 8D

Some European Experience

The main development of cadastral and land registration systems has taken place in Europe. Even though times and conditions have changed, some lessons might be drawn from these European experiences.

The cadastre will be largely worthless unless it is substantially com­plete within a particular geographical area. One of the greatest achieve­ments of the Napoleonic cadastre was that from the very start, and re­gardless of the land nature, it provided a complete record of all land units within the area — including unique identification — and defined these units on comprehensive maps. To attain this goal, cadastres and land registers must be kept simple, and must be concentrated on the essentials. Furthermore, the work must have a solid foundation. Even if conditions are changed over time, if new aspects have become relevant, if new political winds have started to blow, the process must be still continued along the same main lines until it is finished. Costs must be kept reasonable in relation to expected medium-term benefits. There are many examples in Europe of cadastral systems which have been stopped or delayed because of faltering political support. Even in France — the cradle of the European cadastre — it was difficult to complete and maintain the cadastre

Варианты (v1)

Варианты (v2)

Предложения со словом «reason»